Hectares by ecosystem
Where the value sits
Order-of-magnitude illustration using global mean values from de Groot et al. (2012), in 2007 international dollars per hectare per year. Not a valuation. Real natural capital accounts use local data, condition and accepted valuation methods.
What this sketch tells you, and what it does not
This tool multiplies the hectares you enter by global average values for the services each ecosystem provides, published by de Groot and colleagues in 2012 and widely used as a starting point. It then turns the annual flow into an indicative asset value by discounting it over your chosen horizon, the same logic a natural capital accountant uses for the monetary asset account.
It is a conversation starter. Global averages blend very different places, include values that are not traded in markets, and ignore condition. A degraded rangeland and a healthy one get the same number here. A real account fixes that with local data, field condition measurements and valuation methods suited to each service.
Reference values used
- Tropical forest: Int$5,264 per hectare per year
- Woodland: Int$1,588 per hectare per year
- Grassland / rangeland: Int$2,871 per hectare per year
- Inland wetland: Int$25,682 per hectare per year
- Rivers and lakes: Int$4,267 per hectare per year
- Coastal wetland / mangrove: Int$193,845 per hectare per year
- Coastal systems (seagrass, beaches): Int$28,917 per hectare per year
- Coral reef: Int$352,915 per hectare per year
Frequently asked questions
How is the value of ecosystem services estimated?
Values come from studies that estimate the benefits ecosystems provide, such as food, water regulation, carbon storage and recreation, per hectare per year. This tool uses global mean values from de Groot et al. (2012).
Can I use this number in a report or investment case?
Not as it stands. It is an illustrative order of magnitude. For decisions you need local data, condition assessments and valuation methods consistent with the UN SEEA framework.
Ready for a real natural capital account?
We compile SEEA-consistent natural capital accounts with local data and field validation for counties, conservancies, companies and funds.